We report the flow behavior of water in microfluidic systems based on a chemically patterned anisotropic wetting surface. When water flows inside a microchannel on top of a micropatterned surface with alternating hydrophilic/hydrophobic stripes, it exhibits an anisotropic flowing characteristic owing to the anisotropic wettability; thus, the patterned surface acts as a microvalve for the microfluidic system. The anisotropic flow of water is influenced by the microscale features of the patterns and the dimensions of the microchannels. Furthermore, by reasonably combining the patterned surface and microchannel together, we realize the transportation of water in a microchannel along a virtual wall, which is the boundary of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic area. We believe that the chemically patterned surfaces could be an alternative strategy to control the flow behavior of water in microfluidic channels.