In this paper, a series of ionic liquids (ILs) contains cholinium as cations were prepared. These ILs were used as extractants to separate some model drug molecules. The partition coefficients of these drug molecules between ILs and aqueous solutions were determined. Furthermore, the influence of different extraction parameters was investigated: volume ratio, equilibrium time, pH values, temperature, and ILs structure. It is shown that these ILs are highly effective materials for the extraction of drug molecules. The results imply that these ILs may have potential in drug extraction or separation as a new type of media.