Electrochromic devices (ECDs) having a high switching speed and a good durability were developed with viologen-anchored TiO2 (VTO) nanoparticles and antimony-doped SnO2 (ATO) nanoparticles. The fabricated ECDs showed a good stability after 30,000 cycles driving at 4 Hz speed. Also, the dynamic behavior of their devices was studied using 6 x 6 patterned array cells. The driving tests of 4 types were used to understand the exact driving mechanism and to prevent the rapid blur problem. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.