A connection between the structure and the electrical and luminescent properties of polyaniline (PANI)-GaSe hybrid nanocomposites is investigated. By XRD and conductivity measurements, we have found that the nanocomposite is formed only in the interval of GaSe contents 8-22.5%. The addition of GaSe decreases the conductivity by 5-7 orders, by preserving the semiconductor behavior. The emission bands in GaSe-PANI nanocomposites are essentially shifted as compared with those in pure GaSe. The XRD investigation indicates a decrease in the average size of GaSe crystallites during the formation of the composite. A mechanism of interaction of polyaniline with gallium selenide nanoplates is proposed.