We study structural and nonlinear optical properties of lyotropic ionic liquid crystals with electrochromic impurities and mesomorphic glasses of the homological series of Co alkanoates. Nontraditional nonlinear optical mechanisms of these materials are proposed. The investigated cells are characterized by high value of optical nonlinearity (chi((3)) similar to 10(-7) -10(-8) esu), fast recording and relaxation of dynamical holographic gratings. They are perspective to applying in high-speed telecommunication systems.