Microbial fuel cell (MFC) was employed to dispose Cr(6+) in real electroplating wastewater and generate electricity simultaneously. The experiments were carried out in a dual-chamber MFC. Under the condition of pH 2 and using graphite paper as the cathode electrode chromium removal and power density were highest. Moreover, increasing initial concentration of Cr(6+) could enhance the power density. The results indicated that when treating a real electroplating wastewater containing Cr(6+) with the initial concentration of 204 ppm in the MFC, the maximum power density of 1600 mW/m(2) was generated at a columbic efficiency of 12%. In addition, 99.5% Cr(6+) and 66.2% total Cr were removed through reduction Of Cr(2)O(7)(2-) to Cr(2)O(3) precipitating on the surface of cathode electrode. MFC was proved to be a promising technology for removing Cr(6+) from electroplating wastewater. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.