Eastern gamagrass (Trypsacum dactyloides) is a C-4 perennial grass, native to the USA with desirable characteristics that warrants further investigation as a new lignocellulosic crop for bioethanol production. Chemical composition assays showed that eastern gamagrass had comparable cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin compositions to those of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). With the cellulose solvent-based lignocellulose fractionation (CSLF) pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic saccharification, 80.5-99.8% of cellulosic glucose was released from the gamagrass biomass, which was 10-17% greater than the glucose release efficiency from switchgrass (73.5-87.1%). Furthermore, the hydrolysate of gamagrass supported greater ethanol fermentation yield (up to 0.496 g/g glucose) than the hydrolysates of switchgrass. As such, in the whole process of biomass-to-ethanol conversion, gamagrass could yield 13-35% more ethanol per gram of biomass than switchgrass, indicating that gamagrass has high potential as an alternative energy feedstock for lignocellulosic ethanol production. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.