The leakage flow is that liquid does not push gas bubbles and leaks through the channel corners. This leakage flow was confirmed by tracking particles moving in the liquid film with a double light path method and was quantified by tracking the gas-liquid interface movement. The results show that leakage flow varies during bubble formation process. The average net leakage flow Q(net-leak) in a bubble formation cycle at T-junction can be as large as 62.4% of the feeding liquid flow rate, depending on the liquid properties. Q(net-leak) for regular flow at main channel is much smaller, ranging from about 0 to 30% of the feeding liquid flow rate. The difference between the two leakage flows would lead to an increase in liquid slug length after generation. Finally, the effects of parameters such as phase flow rates, surface tension, and viscosity were investigated. (C) 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.