MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs frequently dysregulated in human malignancies. In this study, we found that miR-181c was down-regulated both in glioblastoma tissues and cell lines. We also annotated 566 TCGA miRNA expression profiles and found that patients with high microRNA-181c (miR-181c)-expressing tumors had significantly longer OS and PFS. Overexpression of miR-181c evidently inhibited glioblastoma cell line T98G migration and invasion. Further, the expression of E-cadherin was significantly upregulated and that of N-cadherin and vimentin was significantly down-regulated. We also found that miR-181c overexpression inhibited TGF-beta signaling by down-regulating TGFBR1, TGFBR2 and TGFBRAP1 expression. Overall, our study found that miR-181c plays a key role in glioblastoma cell invasion, migration and mesenchymal transition suggesting potential therapeutic applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.