Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol.283, 1424-1434, 2016
beta-Cyclodextrin incorporated nanoporous carbon: Host-guest inclusion for removal of p-Nitrophenol and pesticides from aqueous solutions
This study demonstrates the incorporation of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) groups inside nanoporous carbon. The synthetic approach utilizes self-assembly mechanism for the synthesis of mesoporous silica, nanocasting mechanism to produce ordered nanoporous carbon (ONC) and CD functionalization to compose hybrid CD-carbon composite materials. beta-Cyclodextrin incorporated nanoporous carbons (named CD-ONC) were prepared by chemical methods: ONC oxidation with HNO3 and grafting beta-CD onto the surface of ONC via 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate linker. The functionalization procedure yielded materials whose characteristics were expressive of the presence of cyclodextrin groups inside the pore of the nanoporous carbon. The pore channels diameter of the nanoporous carbon (4.1 nm) was sufficiently large to embed the cyclodextrin molecule (13.8 x 7.9 angstrom). Adsorption of p-Nitrophenol (PNP) and pesticides in aqueous phase on synthesized adsorbents was taken into account. Among the adsorbents, CD-ONC showed the largest adsorption capacity of PNP (100 mg/g). Batch having tested with CD-ONC demonstrated that it was possible to reduce the p-Nitrophenol concentration sufficiently to meet an initial target of 90% reduction. In contrast to the DDT, DDD and DDE, the other pesticides studied (beta-BHC, gamma-BHC, Aldrin and Dieldrin) had significantly lower adsorption values. The highest distribution coefficients (K-d) of CD-ONC were 171159 (DDD) and 168571 (DDE). Adsorption experiments showed that the CD-ONC materials were promising for the removal of organic compounds from aqueous solutions. The CD-ONC was regenerated and found to be suitable of the reuse of the adsorbent for successive adsorption-desorption cycles without considerable loss of adsorption capacity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.