High-temperature pretreatment plays a key role in the anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW). However, the suitable temperature is not yet determined. In this work, a long-term experiment was conducted to compare hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and hydrogen production at 55 degrees C and 70 degrees C, using real FW in CSTR reactors. The results obtained indicated that acidification was the rate-limiting step at both temperatures with similar process kinetics characterizations. However, the thermophilic pretreatment was more advantageous than the hyperthermophilic with suspended solids solubilization of 47.7% and 29.5% and total VFA vs. soluble COD ratio of 15.2% and 4.9%, for thermophilic and hyperthermophilic treatment, respectively, with a hydrolytic reaction time (HRT) of 10 days and an OLR of 14 kg COD/m(3) d. Moreover, stable hydrogen yield (70.7 ml-H-2/g VSin) and content in off gas (58.6%) was achieved at HRT 5 days, pH 5.5, and temperature of 55 degrees C, as opposed to 70 degrees C. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.