화학공학소재연구정보센터
Clean Technology, Vol.22, No.3, 141-153, September, 2016
고정원 탈질시스템의 성능관리와 탈질촉매 재생전략
Performance Management of a DeNOx System for Stationary Sources and Regeneration Strategies of DeNOx Catalysts
E-mail:
초록
화력발전소, 소결공정, 소각장 등과 같은 수많은 배출원들은 배연탈질시스템을 적용하는데 V2O5/TiO2계 모노리스 촉매상에서 NH3를 환원제로 사용하는 선택적촉매환원 기술이 대표적이다. 현장에서 설치.운영되는 모든 탈질시스템은 예외없이 운전시간에 따른 촉매비활성화를 수반하므로 이에 효과적이고 경제적으로 대처할 수 있는 탈질성능 유지와 촉매관리를 위한 체제와 전략이 요구된다. 본 논고에서는 이들에 관한 구체적인 전략수립과 이에 기반한 탈질시스템 운영방법을 살펴보고, 신촉매 또는 재생촉매의 추가나 대체를 통한 탈질성능 관리와 경제성을 고려한 탈질촉매 재생기술을 다루고자 한다.
Numerous stationary NOx emission sources have employed a suitable deNOx technology that is typically selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3 over V2O5/TiO2-based catalysts with on-demand monolithic structures. These structured catalysts undergo a time-on-deterioration of deNOxing activity on site. Thus, we need more efficient, more deactivation-tolerant, more economic deNOx systems and for which, their performance management is essential. This review has covered details of strategies to successfully manage the performance of SCR catalysts and timely replace them to new or rejuvenated ones. Key considerations to maintain the catalyst activity will be reviewed. Details of the sequential addition of new catalysts and the replacement of life-end catalysts and their regeneration will be discussed with general guidances to determine the time for such a replacement. Finally, a better way to get more economic approaches to deNOx system management will be proposed here.
  1. Kim MH, Nam IS, “New Opportunity for HC-SCR Technology to Control NOx Emission from Advanced Internal Combustion Engines,” In Spivey, J. J., Ed., Catalysis, A Specialist Periodical Reports, Vol 18, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp. 116-185 (2005).
  2. Kim MH, Ham SW, Top. Catal., 53, 597 (2010)
  3. Li JH, Chang HZ, Ma L, Hao JM, Yang RT, Catal. Today, 175(1), 147 (2011)
  4. Parvulescu VI, Grange P, Delmon B, Catal. Today, 46, 233 (1992)
  5. Heck RM, Catal. Today, 53(4), 519 (1999)
  6. Forzatti P, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 222(1-2), 221 (2001)
  7. Forzatti P, Catal. Today, 62(1), 51 (2000)
  8. EPRI, “Recycling and Disposal of Spent Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst,” Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Technical Report No. 1004888 (2003).
  9. Bernhard AM, Peitz D, Elsener M, Schildhauer T, Krocher O, Catal. Sci. Technol., 3, 942 (2013)
  10. Twigg MV, Johnson Matthey Technol. Rev., 59, 221 (2015)
  11. Ciardelli C, Nova I, Tronconi E, Chatterjee D, Bandl-Konrad B, Chem. Commun., 2718 (2004)
  12. Kim MH, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 51(2), 163 (2013)
  13. Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, “Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology Redefining NOx Reduction through Innovation,” Technical Report No. E101-3168A 3KDC2D (2012).
  14. Nova I, Beretta A, Groppi G, Leitti L, Tronconi E, Forzatti P, “Monolithic Catalysts for NOx Removal fromStationary Sources,” in Cybulski A, Moulijn JA, Eds., Structured Catalysts and Reactors, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 171-214 (2005).
  15. Castellino F, Rasmussen SB, Jensen AD, Johnsson JE, Fehrmann R, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 83(1-2), 110 (2008)
  16. Damgaard L, Widroth B, Schroter M, Hydrocarb. Process., 83(11), 39 (2004)
  17. Moulijn JA, van Diepen AE, Kapteijn F, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 212(1-2), 3 (2001)
  18. Akhtar F, Andersson L, Ogunwumi S, Hedin N, Bergstrom L, J. European Ceram. Soc., 34, 1643 (2014)
  19. NOx Control Technical Division, “Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Control of NOx Emissions,” Institute of Clean Air Companies, White Paper (1997).
  20. Hartenstein, H. U., and Gutberlet, H., “Catalysts Regeneration: An Integral Part of Proper Catalyst Management,” 2001 EPRI Workshop on Selective Catalytic Reduction, Baltimore, MD (Nov. 2001).
  21. NOx Control Technical Division, “Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Control of NOx Emissions from Fossil Fuel-Fired Electric Power Plants,” Institute of Clean Air Companies, White Paper (2009).
  22. Skipper J, Wenz F, Franklin HN, “Properly Managing the SCR Reactor,” Paper No. P-012, Coal-Gen 2006: Annual International Conference and Exhibition, Cincinnati, OH (Aug. 2006).
  23. Staudt JE, Engelmeyer AJ, “SCR Catalyst Management Strategies - Modeling and Experience,” Paper No. 57, The EPA-DOE-EPRI Combined Power Plant Air Pollution Control Symposium, Lexington, KY (May 2003).
  24. Wicker K, Staudt J, Power, 148(5), 53 (2004)
  25. Bullock DW, Hartenstein HU, “O&M Cost Reduction of a Coal-Fired US Merchant Plant through an Optimized SCR Management Strategy Involving Catalyst Regeneration,” Paper No. P-004, The DOE/NETL 2002 Conference on SCR and SNCR for NOx Control, Pittsburgh, PA (May 2002).
  26. Khodayari R, Odenbrand CUI, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 33(4), 277 (2001)
  27. Zheng YJ, Jensen AD, Johnsson JE, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 60(3-4), 253 (2005)