To improve a polymer's oil recovery power, it is imperative to discuss its residual resistance factor (RRF), which is a significant parameter in the field and is associated with the polymer molecular structure. This study investigated the capability of three kinds of hyperbranched polymers (HPDAs) with various degrees of branching to establish the RRF in high permeability porous media by way of a one-dimensional sandpack model under different polymer solution concentrations, permeabilities, and injection rates. In addition, the mechanisms of these polymers to establish the RRF were surveyed through altering the wettability of the rock surface. Furthermore, the diameter distribution and microstructure of the injected and produced polymer solution were determined by utilizing dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The experimental results showed that the RRFs of three kinds of hyperbranched polymers were different in variation trend with changes in external conditions. As the degree of branching increased, the dominant mechanism of the polymer to establish retention and the RRF gradually shifted from surface adsorption to mechanical trapping. And the larger the proportion of the mechanical trapping effect was, the stronger the ability to build the RRF became. This was mainly because that the higher the degree of branching of the polymer is, the higher the branched chain number is, the larger the hydrodynamic radius of polymer solution becomes, the stronger the structure formed between end branches becomes, and the lesser the damage caused to the polymer by high permeability medium is.