The effect of charges on the properties of oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions has been studied. These investigations started from an aqueous system made up from a zwitterionic surfactant (alkyldimethylamine oxide) and hydrocarbon. The O/W droplets in this system can be charged by the partial substitution of the nonionic surfactant by either a cationic or an anionic surfactant. The properties of these charged microemulsion aggregates were studied by static and dynamic light scattering, viscosimetry, and interfacial tension measurements. The charge density on the droplets can simply be fixed at a desired value by the composition of the surfactant mixture. The light scattering experiments showed that the aggregates remain constant in size over a large concentration regime (0.1-30 wt %) and in addition their size is only very little influenced by the admixture of ionic surfactant. The scattering behavior of the cationically substituted microemulsions could adequately be described by a simple random phase approximation (RPA) model that contains a hard-sphere interaction with an additional DLVO-potential term that accounts for the electrostatic repulsion. Deviations toward lower scattering intensities were observed for the anionically substituted microemulsions; i.e., this system behaves asymmetrically with respect to cationic and anionic surfactant substitution. These deviations result both from an increased effective hard-sphere radius (larger hydration shell) and from a more effective electrostatic interaction. This effect is not particular for the system studied, but similarly observed for a microemulsion based on another nonionic surfactant (Brij 96). Dynamic light scattering experiments showed an increase of the diffusion coefficient with rising ionic content of the system. This increase is entirely due to the decreasing structure factor and only little influenced by the hydrodynamic factor, which is slowly decreasing with increasing ionic content. The diffusion coefficient of the charged microemulsions exhibits a maximum at similar to 0.03 volume fraction.