Disinfection performance of adsorption using graphite adsorbent coupled with electrochemical regeneration for various microorganisms present in water

S.N. Hussain; A.P. Trzcinski; H.M.A. Asghar; H. Sattar; N.W. Brown; E.P.L. Roberts

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.44, 216-225, December, 2016

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2016.09.009 Export Citation

Disinfection performance of adsorption using graphite adsorbent coupled with electrochemical regeneration for various microorganisms present in water

S.N. Hussain^{1, 2, †}, A.P. Trzcinski^{1, 3}, H.M.A. Asghar^{1, 2}, H. Sattar², N.W. Brown⁴, and E.P.L. Roberts^{1, 3}

¹School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom, UK
²Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
³, UK
⁴Arvia Technology Ltd., The Innovation Centre, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4FS, United Kingdom, UK

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The disinfection performance of the process of adsorption using a graphitic material combined with electrochemical regeneration for a range of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast and protozoa in a laboratory scale sequential batch reactor is demonstrated. The bacterial species studied were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus and Legionella pneumophila. A 3.0 log10 reduction in the concentration of P. aeruginosa cells was achieved with the adsorbent that was regenerated at 30 mA cm-2 with 100% regeneration on each adsorption cycle. The process was quite effective in removing S. aureus present in water with a significantly higher reduction in the number of cells (ca. 9-log10 reduction) at relatively low current density (10 mA cm-2). Similarly, L. pneumophila were removed from water with a ca. 7.5-log10 reduction in the number of bacterial cells. The SEM images confirmed the adsorption of L.pneumophila onto the adsorbent and its electrochemical regeneration at 20 mA cm-2 that is considered a refractory pathogen against chlorination. The process was also found to be suitable for disinfecting fungal spores, Aspergillus awamori and yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodosporidium turoloides However, the removal of Cryptosporidium parvum from water was not demonstrated successfully. The preliminary results suggest that using a chloride free environment and a relatively high current density could be useful in disinfecting C. parvum.

Keywords:Disinfectionm;Adsorption;Electrochemical regeneration;Graphite intercalation compound

[References]

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Boorman GA, Dellarco V, Dunnick JK, Chapin RE, Hunter S, Hauchman F, Gardner H, Cox M, Sills RC, Environ. Health Perspect., 107, 207 (1999)
Lee H, Lee E, Lee CH, Lee K, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 17(3), 468 (2011)
Yu HW, Oh SG, Kim IS, Pepper I, Snyder S, Jang A, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, 193 (2015)
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Chang SL, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., 47, 417 (1958)
Kim J, Cho M, Byungtaek O, Choi S, Yoon J, Chemosphere, 55, 775 (2004)
Campbell AT, Robertson :J, Snowball MR, Smith HV, Water Res., 29, 2583 (1995)
Jyoti KK, Pandit AB, Biochem. Eng. J., 7, 201 (2001)
Anpilov AM, Barkhudarov EM, Christofi N, Kopev VA, Kossyi IA, Taktakishvili MI, Zadiraka Y, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 35, 90 (2002)
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Butterfield IM, Christensen PA, Curtis TP, Gunlazuardi J, Water Res., 31, 675 (1997)
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Matsunaga T, Nakasono S, Masuda S, Fems Microbiol. Lett, 93, 255 (1992)
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Hussain SN, Heras N, Asghar HMA, Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Water Res., 54, 170 (2014)
Hardalo C, Edberg SC, Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 23, 47 (1997)
Mena KD, Gerba CP, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 201, 71 (2009)
Tate D, Mawer S, Newton A, Epidemiol. Infect., 130, 187 (2003)
Lambert PA, J. R. Soc. Med., 95, 22 (2002)
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Delaedt Y, Daneels A, Declerck P, Behets J, Ryckeboer J, Peters E, Ollevier F, Microbiol. Res., 163, 192 (2008)
Samson RA, Houbraken JAMP, Kuijpers AFA, Frank JM, Frisvad JC, Stud. Mycol., 50, 45 (2004)
Samson RA, Pitt JI, Integration of Modern Taxonomic Methods for Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification, Harwood Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 2000.
Lonnen J, Kilvington S, Kehoe SC, Al-Touati F, McGuigan KG, Water Res., 39, 877 (2005)
Niemi RM, Knuth S, Lundstrom K, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 378 (1982)
Valster RM, Wullings BA, Bakker G, Smidt H, Kooij DVD, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, 4736 (2009)
Metcalf E, Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York, 2003.
Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS, Krieg NR, Microbiology, 5th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, India, 1993.
Matsushige K, Inamori Y, Mizuochi M, Hosomi M, Sudo R, Environ. Technol., 11, 899 (1990)
Cooper IR, Hanlon GW, J. Infect. Control Hosp., 74, 152 (2010)
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[Referenced By]

[1] White GC, White’s Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants, 5th edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey, 2010.

[2] Boorman GA, Dellarco V, Dunnick JK, Chapin RE, Hunter S, Hauchman F, Gardner H, Cox M, Sills RC, Environ. Health Perspect., 107, 207 (1999)

[3] Lee H, Lee E, Lee CH, Lee K, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 17(3), 468 (2011)

[4] Yu HW, Oh SG, Kim IS, Pepper I, Snyder S, Jang A, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, 193 (2015)

[5] Moore RM, Rouge B, Whitton CM, Collinsville, Shepherd LH, Rouge B, Water treatment process, US Patent No. 5141652, 1992.

[6] Chang SL, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., 47, 417 (1958)

[7] Kim J, Cho M, Byungtaek O, Choi S, Yoon J, Chemosphere, 55, 775 (2004)

[8] Campbell AT, Robertson :J, Snowball MR, Smith HV, Water Res., 29, 2583 (1995)

[9] Jyoti KK, Pandit AB, Biochem. Eng. J., 7, 201 (2001)

[10] Anpilov AM, Barkhudarov EM, Christofi N, Kopev VA, Kossyi IA, Taktakishvili MI, Zadiraka Y, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 35, 90 (2002)

[11] Madaeni SS, Water Res., 33, 301 (1999)

[12] Butterfield IM, Christensen PA, Curtis TP, Gunlazuardi J, Water Res., 31, 675 (1997)

[13] Khraisheh M, Wu L, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Al-Ghouti MA, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 28, 369 (2015)

[14] Kerwick MI, Reddy SM, Chamberlain AHL, Holt DM, Electrochim. Acta, 50(25-26), 5270 (2005)

[15] Patermarakis G, Fountoukidis E, Water Res., 24, 1491 (1990)

[16] Matsunaga T, Nakasono S, Masuda S, Fems Microbiol. Lett, 93, 255 (1992)

[17] Eccleston KT, Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Richards JL, Adsorbents for treating contaminated liquids, US Patent 2009/0321361 A1, 2009.

[18] Hussain SN, Heras N, Asghar HMA, Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Water Res., 54, 170 (2014)

[19] Hardalo C, Edberg SC, Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 23, 47 (1997)

[20] Mena KD, Gerba CP, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 201, 71 (2009)

[21] Tate D, Mawer S, Newton A, Epidemiol. Infect., 130, 187 (2003)

[22] Lambert PA, J. R. Soc. Med., 95, 22 (2002)

[23] Block SS, Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation, 5th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA, 2001.

[24] Delaedt Y, Daneels A, Declerck P, Behets J, Ryckeboer J, Peters E, Ollevier F, Microbiol. Res., 163, 192 (2008)

[25] Samson RA, Houbraken JAMP, Kuijpers AFA, Frank JM, Frisvad JC, Stud. Mycol., 50, 45 (2004)

[26] Samson RA, Pitt JI, Integration of Modern Taxonomic Methods for Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification, Harwood Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 2000.

[27] Lonnen J, Kilvington S, Kehoe SC, Al-Touati F, McGuigan KG, Water Res., 39, 877 (2005)

[28] Niemi RM, Knuth S, Lundstrom K, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 378 (1982)

[29] Valster RM, Wullings BA, Bakker G, Smidt H, Kooij DVD, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, 4736 (2009)

[30] Metcalf E, Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York, 2003.

[31] Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS, Krieg NR, Microbiology, 5th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, India, 1993.

[32] Matsushige K, Inamori Y, Mizuochi M, Hosomi M, Sudo R, Environ. Technol., 11, 899 (1990)

[33] Cooper IR, Hanlon GW, J. Infect. Control Hosp., 74, 152 (2010)

[34] Fillaudeau L, Blanpain-Avet P, Daufin G, J. Clean Prod., 14, 463 (2006)