This article presents an overview of the current understanding of the structure of turbulent sprays flames, both dilute and dense. Dilute sprays are addressed first with respect to recent advances in measurement and modeling capabilities. Comprehensive data banks exist for the velocity and droplet fields of such flows while measurements of temperature and reactive scalar fields are sparse and mixture fraction measurements remain a challenge. Computations of turbulent dilute sprays flames are now able to reproduce the main experimental features although details for reactive scalars and droplet interactions with turbulence vary depending on the employed combustion model. In dense sprays, direct measurements in engines can now resolve useful details of the spray patterns and the extent of interactions with walls. However, diagnostic techniques in primary spray atomization zones need to improve significantly to provide sufficient quantitative information about liquid fragmentation rates. Calculations of spray jets in engines largely employ the "blob" approach for the initial spray representation with a range of models for subsequent atomization. Various direct numerical simulations/large eddy simulation approaches are able to compute details of the primary and secondary atomization patterns and the results are employed to develop improved spray atomization models. These advances from turbulent dilute and dense sprays must be brought together to improve overall modeling capabilities in this field.