Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is one of the most promising technologies for bioenergy production from wastewater. The improvement of MFC efficiency requires the replacement of noble catalysts for the cathode reaction by low-cost and effective materials. Thus, this work aims at studying the use of transition spinel metal-based oxides as potential cathode catalysts in these devices. Several spinel cobalt based oxides doped with copper and nickel were synthesized by thermal decomposition at different Cu:Co and Ni:Co atomic ratios and assessed mainly in terms of power performance and chemical oxygen removal (COD) in single-chamber MFCs. The particle size and chemical composition of these catalysts were characterized by TEM and XRD analyses prior to MFC set-up. Among the compounds tested, the nanostructured copper-doped cobalt oxide with chemical formula (Cu0.30Co0.70)Co2O4 offered the highest maximum power output of 567.58 mW m(-2), which accounts for over 87% of the total power generated by Pt-sprayed cathodes. Cu0.72CO2.28O4 also reached a significant power density of 354.92 mW m(-2). Spinel oxide-based MFCs achieved COD removal values of approximately 56% after 240 h of operation. Finally, this work compares the performance of the spinel oxides investigated with other transition metal based catalysts reported in the literature. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.