Graphene-based nanocomposites exhibiting excellent properties have been attracting tremendous interest for their extensive applications. In this work, we present an in situ high-gravitational strategy to synthesize silver/graphene oxide (AGO) nanocomposite in an ultrafast manner and propose a possible mechanism for the formation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on graphene oxide (GO) sheets with high coverage density. The size of Ag-NPs can be controlled at similar to 5 nm with a narrow size distribution. Transparent conductive films are further fabricated with AGO nanocomposite. The visible transmittance of the Ag/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film with a sheet resistance of 1.12 k Omega/square can reach 91%. The graphene-based nanocomposites prepared rapidly by the high-gravity technology, which is easy to realize in large-scale production, may provide extensive applications in electronics, catalysis, optics fields, etc.