The design and preparation of heterogeneous Fenton-like nanocatalysts with high performance is an important task in the field of environmental catalysis. In this work, CuO nanowires supported on graphite film were synthesized using a facile process, and exhibited high catalytic activity and good stability in the oxidative degradation of Congo red with H2O2. At 303 K, the degradation ratio of Congo red was up to ca. 97.5% at a reaction time of 36 min, while the TOC removal reached ca. 77.0% after 80 min. The graphite film-supported CuO nanowires exhibited better stability and reusability than recently reported powdered CuO nanocatalysts. The high catalytic performance and recyclability of the graphite film-supported CuO nanowires make them a promising catalyst in the field of environmental catalysis.