Understanding and controlling physical aging below the glass transition temperature (T-g) is very important for the long-term performance of plastic parts. In this article, the effect of grafted silica nanoparticles on the physical aging of polycarbonate (PC) below the Tg is studied by using the evolution of the enthalpy relaxation and the yield stress. The nanocomposites were found to reach a thermodynamic equilibrium faster than unfilled PC, implying that physical aging is accelerated in presence of grafted nanosilica particles. The Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan model shows that the aging is accelerated by the grafted silica nanoparticles, but the molecular mechanism responsible for physical aging remains unaltered. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis shows that the kinetics of physical aging can be related to a free volume distribution or a local attraction-energy distribution as a result of the change in mobility of the polymer chain. Finally, a qualitative equivalence is observed in the physical aging followed by both the enthalpy relaxation and yield stress. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.