Reactive Compatibilization of Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate)/Spirulina Microalgae Composites

Nianqing Zhu; Ming Ye; Dongjian Shi; Mingqing Chen

Macromolecular Research, Vol.25, No.2, 165-171, February, 2017

DOI10.1007/s13233-017-5025-9 Export Citation

Reactive Compatibilization of Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate)/Spirulina Microalgae Composites

Nianqing Zhu^{1, 2}, Ming Ye^{1, 3}, Dongjian Shi^{1, 3}, and Mingqing Chen^{1, 3, †}

¹The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
²School of Medicine and Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taizhou University, 93 Jichuan Road, Taizhou 225300, P. R. China
³, China

E-mail:

Innovative poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/Spirulina composites were fabricated by melt blending. Maleic anhydride-grafted PBS (PBS-g-MAH) was synthesized and used as a compatibilizer in the composites. Extra amount of water was added to Spirulina to ensure that it acted as a plastic during blending with PBS. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites considerably increased after incorporation of PBS-g-MAH due to better interfacial adhesion between the components and better dispersion of Spirulina in the PBS matrix, which were verified by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis also indicated the reaction between PBS-g-MAH and Spirulina, which resulted in improved Spirulina-PBS interaction. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that the crystallization temperature of the composites increased after addition of PBS-g-MAH, especially for the composites with higher Spirulina loading, while the PBS in compatibilized composites exhibited higher enthalpies. However, the compatibilized composites exhibited slight decreases of degradation temperature accompanied by slightly higher weight loss as indicated by thermal gravimetric analysis.

Keywords:biocomposites;Spirulina;poly(butylene succinate);compatibilizer

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[Referenced By]

[1] Zini E, Scandola M, Polym. Compos., 32, 1905 (2011)

[2] Muthuraj R, Misra M, Mohanty AK, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 3, 2767 (2015)

[3] Shah AA, Hasan F, Hameed A, Ahmed S, Biotechnol. Adv., 26, 246 (2008)

[4] Xu J, Guo BH, Biotechnol. J., 5, 1149 (2010)

[5] Du Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Rempel C, Liu Q, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 133, 43351 (2016)

[6] Hernandez-Izquierdo VM, Krochta JM, J. Food Sci., 73, 30 (2008)

[7] Brandenburg AH, Weller CL, Testin RF, J. Food Sci., 58, 1086 (1993)

[8] Zhong ZK, Sun XZS, Polymer, 42(16), 6961 (2001)

[9] Zhang JW, Jiang L, Zhu LY, Biomacromolecules, 7(5), 1551 (2006)

[10] Chen F, Zhang J, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2, 3324 (2010)

[11] Zeller MA, Hunt R, Jones A, Sharma S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 130(5), 3263 (2013)

[12] Duan H, Ma R, Xu X, Kong F, Zhang S, Kong W, Hao J, Shang L, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 3522 (2009)

[13] Becker EW, Biotechnol. Adv., 25, 207 (2007)

[14] Toro C, Reddy M, Navia R, Rivas M, Misra M, Mohanty A, J. Polym. Environ., 21, 944 (2013)

[15] Torres S, Navia R, Murdy RC, Cooke P, Misra M, Mohanty AK, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 3, 614 (2015)

[16] Ishak ZAM, Phua YJ, Chow WS, eXPRESS Polym. Lett., 7, 340 (2013)

[17] Yin Q, Chen F, Zhang H, Liu C, Plast. Rubber Compos., 44, 362 (2015)

[18] Mani R, Bhattacharya M, Tang J, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 37(11), 1693 (1999)

[19] Nabar Y, Raquez JM, Dubois P, Narayan R, Biomacromolecules, 6(2), 807 (2005)

[20] Chen F, Zhang JW, Polymer, 51(8), 1812 (2010)

[21] Li MC, Ge X, Cho UR, Macromol. Res., 21(5), 519 (2013)

[22] Li MC, Cho UR, Mater. Lett., 92, 132 (2013)

[23] Mekonnen T, Misra M, Mohanty AK, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 4, 782 (2016)

[24] Zhu R, Liu HZ, Zhang JW, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51(22), 7786 (2012)

[25] Sailaja RRN, Girija BG, Madras G, Balasubramanian N, J. Mater. Sci., 43(1), 64 (2008)

[26] Zhang X, Zhang Y, Carbohydr. Polym., 134, 52 (2015)

[27] Li YD, Zeng JB, Li WD, Yang KK, Wang XL, Wang YZ, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48(10), 4817 (2009)

[28] Chen P, Tian HF, Zhang LN, Chang PR, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47(23), 9389 (2008)

[29] MacDonald GM, Barry BA, Biochemistry, 37, 9848 (1992)