In this study, amorphous silica gels were synthesized and treated by oxygen plasma and nitrogen plasma at a radio frequency power of 60 W, at heating temperature of 300 degrees C, and a treatment period of 400 s. The silica gels were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and thermal conductivity analyzers. The characterization results show that oxygen-plasma treatment has remarkably reduced the surface hydroxyl groups in silica gels, whereas nitrogen-plasma treatment has less effects. The reduction of the hydroxyl groups is a key factor contributing to reduced particle size from 30 nm to 15 nm, thus resulting in an increased specific surface area from 124 to 420 m(2)/g. In addition, the reduced particle size has drastically lowered the thermal conductivity of silica gels, from 0.14220 to 0.00014 W/mK. Therefore, oxygen-plasma treatment is a feasible method to enhance the thermal insulating properties of silica gels.