Numerical investigation was conducted on the effects of gravity, surface tension, and wall adhesion upon condensation on a short vertical plate. The volume of fluid method was applied to model the interaction between the liquid and vapor phases and to capture the interface. The surface tension was implemented by employing the method of continuum surface force model. A modified phase-change model, derived from basic equations related to the kinetic gas theory, was proposed and verified based on the cases of Nusselt film condensation of water vapor on a vertical flat plate, the forced convection film condensation on a horizontal flat plate, and the capillary blocking due to condensation in a horizontal miniature circular tube. The predicted results showed that a laminar capillary wavy flow regime exists and the waves enhance the heat transfer of condensation on the plate. The mean film thickness increases and the heat transfer performance becomes worse with decrease of gravity. A high value of surface tension or contact angle, representing a large surface free energy difference, leads to an enhancement of heat transfer on the plate with large-amplitude waves.