Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Vol.41, No.6, 999-1005, 2016
5-Amino-3,4-dinitropyrazole as a Promising Energetic Material
The nitrogen-rich energetic compound 5-amino-3,4-dinitropyrazole (5-ADP) was investigated using complementary experimental techniques. X-ray diffraction indicates the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding in 5-ADP crystals. Compound exhibits low impact sensitivity (23J) and insensitivity to friction. The activation energy of thermolysis determined to be 230 +/- 5kJmol(-1) from DSC measurements. Accelerating rate calorimetry indicates the lower thermal stability (173 degrees C) of 5-ADP than that of RDX, which is probably the main concern about using this compound. 5-ADP also exhibits good compatibility with common energetic materials (viz. TNT, RDX, ammonium perchlorate), including an active binder. The burning rate of 5-ADP monopropellant is higher than that of benchmark HMX, while the pressure exponent 0.51 +/- 0.04 is surprisingly low. Addition of ammonium perchlorate does not affect the pressure exponent of 5-ADP, while the burning rate increases. The 5-amino-3,4-dinitropyrazole exhibits a notable combination of combustion performance, low sensitivity, and good compatibility, which renders it as a promising energetic material.
Keywords:5-Amino-3;4-dinitropyrazole;Thermal stability;Hydrogen bonding;Low-sensitive explosive;Burning rate parameters