Catalysis Today, Vol.287, 3-9, 2017
Photocatalytic treatment of saccharin and bisphenol-A in the presence of TiO2 nanocomposites tuned by Sn(IV)
This study deals with the photocatalytic treatment of saccharin (SAC) and bisphenol-A (BPA) under UV irradiation. For this purpose, novel submicronic anatase-rutile nanocomposite particles with tuned phase ratio, produced by thermohydrolysis of acidic Ti(IV) solutions in the presence of controlled amounts of Sn(IV), were used. These catalysts were then assessed regarding their efficiency to degrade SAC or BPA, which are contaminants of increased environmental and health concern. The effect of various operating conditions, such as the anatase-rutile ratio (100:0, 85:15, 70:30), catalyst concentration (50-600 mg/L) and solute concentration (3-10 mg/L) was investigated. Furthermore, catalyst reuse -an important but little studied aspect- was assessed. Anatase-rutile nanocomposites were successfully prepared presenting good crystallinity and surface quality. Their activity was about the same for removing SAC or BPA from water. It was found that photocatalytic performance was increased with catalyst loading up to 400 mg/L. A further increase to 600 mg/L did not significantly enhance BPA removal, thus associating this tendency with screening effects. Also, photocatalytic efficiency was increased with initial solute concentration decrease. Organics degradation followed a pseudo-first order kinetic rate in terms of both SAC and BPA removal. The reproducibility of catalyst activity was assessed in three successive reuse cycles, where the removal percentage of initially 5 mg/L SAC was maintained as high as 70% at the end of the 3rd cycle, in the presence of initially 400 mg/L anatase catalyst, and after 90 min of treatment. Finally, additional experimental runs were carried out with ultrasound cleaning (US) being applied to the reactant mixture at the beginning of each reuse cycle, but it was found to have no significant effect on treatment efficiency. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Photocatalysis;Catalyst recovery;Thermohydrolysis;Titania nanostructures;Endocrine disruptors;Artificial sweeteners