Hydrocarbon uptake by microorganisms in a multiphase bioreactor can be carried out by two mechanisms: direct interfacial contact of microorganisms with hydrocarbon drops or emulsified microdroplet uptake. Most previous studies have considered uptake mediated by biosurfactants to be the predominant mode of uptake, but scarce experimental information is available about which mechanism actually prevails. The aim of this work was to evaluate the predominant mode of diesel uptake in multiphase bioreactors. In the absence of emulsifiers in bioreactor, day 0 to day 2 of culture time of oil- degrading consortium composed of three bacterial genera: Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Diplococcus, 6870 mg L-1 of diesel was consumed, which can only be explained by direct interfacial contact. In the presence of emulsifiers, at a superficial gas velocity (Ug) of 2 cm s(-1) from day 5 to day 7, 3460 mg L-1 of diesel was consumed and the maximum diesel transfer rate (DTR) (16.3 mg L-1 h(-1)) for this Ug could only explain 782.4 mg L-1 of diesel uptake. Our study reveals that strategies focused only on mass transfer may not be sufficient to design multiphase bioreactors since direct interfacial, not emulsification, is the predominant mode of diesel uptake. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.