This study aims to investigate the structural features of nascent char. Two nascent chars were prepared from the pyrolysis of Loy Yang brown coal and Collie sub-bituminous coal in a wire-mesh reactor by heating at 1000 K s(-1) to 600 degrees C. Structural changes in nascent chars were investigated by reheating the chars in N-2 at low temperatures (<600 degrees C) followed by subsequent gasification in O-2/N-2 mixtures at 370 degrees C. FT-Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterise the chemical structural features of the chars. Our results indicate that the nascent char from the brown coal is much less stable that from the sub-bituminous coal. The thermal treatment of Loy Yang brown coal nascent char even at similar to 300 degrees C caused obvious changes to its aromatic ring systems while the corresponding changes to the Collie nascent char were insignificant. During the gasification of Loy Yang nascent char in O-2, oxygenation might preferentially happen on the larger rings, which activates and breaks the aromatic rings (to form dangling structures). With the opening of aromatic ring systems, O-2 might be much easier to access into the char matrix and to improve the dispersion of alkali and alkaline earth metallic (AAEM) species, which in turn enhances the gasification reactivity. Collie nascent char showed much less changes in char structure during gasification. Additionally, the preferential breakage of cross-linking structures in O-2 would also loosen the char structure and enhance the gasification reactivity for both nascent chars. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.