Composites based on polyaniline and nanostructured zinc oxide were synthesized by mechanical mixing and the method of in situ polymerization and their physicochemical properties were studied. The electrical conductivity, surface structure and morphology of composites have been investigated. It is shown that the method of synthesis and quantity of filler affects the morphology and physicochemical properties of composite materials. An addition of various quantities of mineral filler to composite allows controlling conductivity of obtained materials. XRD-analysis of composite materials synthesized by in situ polymerization confirms the interaction of the components of the composite.