In the study, Using the strategy of hydrothermal reaction followed by annealing at different temperatures, TiO2 nanorods/nanosheets (NRs/NSs) photoelectrodes with diverse microcosmic morphologies and crystal structures were successfully fabricated. Moreover, all samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). Meanwhile the photoelectrochemical (PECH) properties were recorded through open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) curves. The photocatalytic (PC) activity of TiO2 NRs/NSs photoelectrodes were further measured by methylene blue (MB) degradation. Results suggest that the nanosheets possessed the width and thickness in the range of 100-400 and 10-20 nm, and the nanorods possessed the diameter in the range of around 10-20 nm, respectively. Also, the TiO2 NRs/NSs photoelectrode calcined at 500 degrees C exhibited the best proportion of both nanosheets and nanorods and higher photocatalytic activity (73.56%) than those of other TiO2 NRs/NSs photo electrodes within 150 min under visible light illumination, which was ascribed to higher photoproduction electrons-holes (e/h(+)) pairs separation and visible light absorption. Therefore, the calcination temperature plays a significant role in altering the morphology and crystal structure of TiO2 NRs/NSs photoelectrode, and then enhanced PC performance. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.