This study was to research the influences of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the physicochemical properties and filtration performance of CNT/polymer composite membranes. Two types of CNT embedded polysulfone (PSF) membranes were fabricated by using raw CNTs (rCNTs) and oxidized CNTs (fCNTs), respectively. The leakage of CNTs during the membrane fabrication was observed; the loss of fCNTs in the fCNT membrane (M-fCNT) was more severe than that of rCNTs in the rCNT membrane (M-rCNT). The porosity, surface hydrophilicity, thermal stability and strain stress of the membranes were dependent upon the CNT content. The CNTs composite membranes exhibited typical asymmetric membrane structure including a thin dense top surface and a porous bulk layer with abundant finger-like pores, and the mean pore size of top surfaces increased with the incorporation of CNTs. The overall porosities of M-rCNT and M-fCNT membranes were 54 and 68%, respectively. M-fCNT membranes exhibited slightly lower thermal stability and mechanical strength than PSF membrane (M-PSF) and M-rCNT. The pure water flux of the composite membrane was dramatically enhanced by the loading of CNTs, as indicated by 2 times higher for M-rCNT2.0 and M-fCNT2.0 than M-PSF. The membranes were further studied by the filtration of 2-naphthol containing solution; M-fCNT2.0 had significantly higher rejection ability than that of the pristine PSF membrane. (C) 2017 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.