화학공학소재연구정보센터
Macromolecules, Vol.50, No.9, 3476-3488, 2017
Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Difunctional Benzoxazines with Attached Oxazine Ring at the Para-, Meta-, and Ortho-Position
To investigate the role of position of oxazine ring in the benzoxazine backbone on their ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and thermal stability of resulting polybenzoxazine, we have synthesized difunctional monomers solely containing benzoxazine moieties (BZ2) with attached oxazine ring at the para-, meta-, and ortho-position. The ROP was examined by DSC analysis, which revealed a reduction in curing temperature in the order of meta (225 degrees C) < ortho (239 degrees C) < para (251 degrees C). The differences in structural and geometrical parameters were investigated by NMR H-1,C-13, H-1 -H-1 NOESY) and X-ray crystallography analysis. The electronic effects and the intramolecular interaction between oxazine ring and aromatic hydrogen were higher when the attached oxazine ring was at the meta -position. The differences in their positioning also changed their ROP mechanism, an unusual intramolecular polymerization was observed in meta, while in ortho and para the polymerization proceeded in a regular manner. A curing mechanism responsible for lower curing temperature and faster ROP in meta has been proposed, which involves an intramolecular electrophilic substitution of irninium ion, resulting in aza-cyclic rings along with classical phenolic Mannich bridges in the networked structure. The cured resin showed a high T-g and in the order of para (291 degrees C) > meta (270 degrees C) > ortho (266 degrees C). Even though meta-PBZ2 displayed an earlier degradation with T-d10 of 358 degrees C as compared to para and ortho (Tdio: 373 degrees C) due to aza-cyclic rings, the main backbone degradation was observed to be coinciding in all PBZ2s at 417 degrees C with a char yield of 57% at 600 degrees C. Thus, changing position of oxazine ring to "meta" in the backbone is a beneficial strategy to have a low curing benzoxazine without sacrificing the thermal stability of resulting polybenzoxazine.