In recent years, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has attracted wide attention from researchers due to its excellent physicochemical properties and rich surface chemistry. Inspired by the innate adhesive property of dopamine, a facile and environmentally-friendly approach was developed to fabricate reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine composite aerogel reinforced by chitosan and modified by 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecanethiol (PFDT). During the preparation process, a polydopamine (PDA) film was first anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets via dopamine self-polymerization. By means of hydrothermal treatment, immersion and freeze-drying process, rGO nanosheets modified by PDA were self-assembled into a 3D porous structure, and the chitosan/reduced graphene oxide composite aerogel (CGA) was synthesized. Subsequently, PFDT reacted with PDA film to fabricate perfluorinated superhydrophobic polydopamine/chitosan/reduced graphene oxide composite aerogel (fCGA). The CGA possesses super-amphiphilicity in air and superoleophobicity underwater, while fCGA exhibits superhydrophobicity. Both of them have oil/water separation behavior, indicating that the aerogels are promising materials for the treatment of oil-spill accidents and oily wastewater. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.