A precise simulation of the internal faults of synchronous generators is crucial for the design of themain protection scheme; therefore, an accurate model is necessary. In this paper, based on the circuit-coupled finite element method (CCFEM), an improved model of a synchronous generator with internal faults is proposed, wherein the localized model of each stator coil is built as per its actual structure. Using this model, the internal fault occurring inside the coil can be accurately simulated, better approximating the location of the actual fault point; thus, the fault currents can be calculated more accurately. The accuracy of the improved model is verified by a dynamic simulation experiment. Moreover, the electromagnetic magnitudes, such as the air gap flux density, fault currents, field current, and all the damper currents are investigated in detail, under fault conditions, thereby revealing the fault characteristics more clearly and providing a basis for designing protection schemes.