Cadmium ions (Cd2+) are similar to calcium ions (Ca2+) in size, whereas the Cd2+ ions tend to form covalent bonds with the neighboring anions because of the high electronegativity. The covalent Cd-O bonds affect other metal-oxygen bonds, inducing drastic, changes in crystal structures and electronic states. Herein; we demonstrate high-pressure synthesis, crystal structure, and properties of a new quadruple perovskite CdCu3Fe4O12. This compound exhibits an electronic phase transition accompanying a charge disproportionation of Fe ions without charge ordering below similar to 200 K, unlike charge-disproportionation transition with rock-salt-type charge ordering for CaCu3Fe4O12. First-principle calculations and Mossbauer spectroscopy display that covalent Cd-O bonds effectively suppress the Fe-O bond covalency, resulting in an electronic state different from that of CaCu3Fe4O12. This finding proposes covalency competition among constituent metal ions dominating electronic states of complex metal oxides.