To investigate the effect of low moisture extrusion cooking on the structural changes of protein and expansion properties, a pea protein isolate was processed in a twin screw extruder at varying screw speed (400-700 min(-1)), moisture content (26-35%) and barrel temperature (130-170 degrees C). An expanded protein isolate matrix was achieved for a specific mechanical energy input above 180 kJ/kg and product temperatures above 130 degrees C. The expanded protein network was presumably stabilized by increased protein aggregation, which most likely was formed by alpha-helices, beta-sheet, non-covalently bonded beta-turn or anti-parallel beta-sheet structures as identified by FTIR. SDS-PAGE suggested, that neither the vicilin nor the convicilin fraction of the protein were altered, whereas legumin was either proteolysed or aggregated. Processing reduced the protein's water solubility. This knowledge contributes to a deeper understanding of the structural changes in a pea protein isolate as caused by low moisture extrusion. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.