화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of Membrane Science, Vol.542, 352-366, 2017
Membrane impedance porometry
In this work a new method named impedance porometry is described to determine the pore size distribution of microfiltration membranes without flow measurements. Instead, this method uses measurements of the electric (ion) current to quantify the number of pores of a certain size in which fluid displacement has taken place and ion conduction can take place. The impedance porometry method exhibits distinct advantages over classical flow porometry methods. First, the correlation used to determine pore size distributions from impedance measurements correlates to the transmembrane pressure by one power less (Delta p(4)) compared to the function using fluid flow (Delta p(5)). Therefore, it is less affected by errors in measuring as well as regulating the transmembrane pressure. Secondly, the proportionality factor, K-1, between pore radius and fluid displacement pressure is two powers smaller (K-1(3)) compared to the one of conventional flow porometry methods (K-1(5)). And finally the impedance may be determined with 250 fold precision compared to flow rates. The mean pore radii determined with the new method are larger compared to the ones determined by conventional flow porometry. By comparing hydraulic flow and electrical admittance measurements as well as comprehensively reviewing the literature of flow porometry and fluid displacement from porous media, we argue that often the mean pore sizes are underestimated in classical flow porometry methods. More importantly, combining flow and impedance porometry, contact angles and surface tensions values do not need to be assumed anymore because both experimental methods and theoretical interpretations are affected differently by these values. Hence by combining the two methods these values in fact can now be determined precisely. This work also suggests that values from flow porometry published during the past decades need to be taken with caution. We also suggest to revisit the analysis of membrane pore size distributions using combined methods to reduce the effect of far-reaching assumption as made in classical flow porometry.