In order to clarify the effects of Zr and Ti addition on the refinement of the particle size of Y2O3 in the oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel, the reaction products between Zr and Ti with Y2O3 after the high-energy ball milling, annealing and subsequent consolidation processing (spark plasma sintering) were investigated in detail with both a larger amount of Zr, Ti and Y2O3 additions (Fe-15 (Zr, Ti)-7.5Y(2)O(3), wt%) and a smaller amount of Zr, Ti and Y2O3 additions (Fe-2 (Zr, Ti) -1Y(2)O(3), wt%). Experimental results indicate that the ball-milling does not lead to the reaction between Zr and Ti with Y2O3 while the annealing and SPS cause the formation of Y-(Zr,Ti) -O complex phases. Y0.28Zr0.72O1.862 structure is easily precipitated from the ball-milled powders at relatively lowerannealing temperatures and it is further decomposed into YZrO3 and ZrO phase at high annealing temperatures in Fe-15Zr-7.5Y(2)O(3). While Y2O3(TiO2)(2) and TiO2 phase are precipitated at relatively lower annealing temperatures and are further combined into Y2Ti2O7 phase athigh annealing temperatures in Fe-15T1-7.5Y(2)O(3). Similar results are obtained as well in Fe-2(Zr, Ti)-1Y(2)O(3). Compared with the case of Zr addition, Ti addition can form the smaller size of Y-Ti-O particle than Y-Zr-O particle. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.