Preparation of blue-color-emitting graphene quantum dots and their in vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation

Md Nafiujjaman; Jeongho Kim; Hun-Kuk Park; Yong-Kyu Lee

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.57, 171-180, January, 2018

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2017.08.019 Export Citation

Preparation of blue-color-emitting graphene quantum dots and their in vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation

Md Nafiujjaman¹, Jeongho Kim², Hun-Kuk Park^{2, †}, and Yong-Kyu Lee^{1, 3, †}

¹Department of Green Bioengineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chunbuk, Republic of Korea
²Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
³Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chunbuk, Republic of Korea

E-mail:,

We synthesized and characterized blue-color-emitting graphene quantum dots (BGQDs) which is better than that of other GQDs synthesized from organic molecules. We investigated the biocompatibility of BGQDs with cells and erythrocytes. Evaluation of epithelial carcinoma cancer cells indicated that most cells successfully took up BGQDs and toxicity testing showed no effect on cell viability. We also examined alterations in deformability and aggregation of human erythrocytes exposed to BGQDs at different concentrations and incubation times. These results suggest that BGQDs are biocompatible and do not cause cell membrane damage, and thus, are promising nanomaterials for various medical diagnoses and treatments.

Keywords:Graphene quantum dot;Quantum yield;Cytotoxicity;Erythrocyte;Hemorheology

[References]

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Zhuo S, Shao M, Lee ST, ACS Nano, 6, 1059 (2012)
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Dong Y, Shao J, Chen C, Li H, Wang R, Chi Y, Lin X, Chen G, Carbon, 50, 4738 (2012)
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Yuan X, Liu Z, Guo Z, Ji Y, Jin M, Wang X, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 9, 1 (2014)
Nurunnabi M, Khatun Z, Huh KM, Park SY, Lee DY, Cho KJ, Lee YK, ACS Nano, 7, 6858 (2013)
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Chong Y, Ma Y, Shen H, Tu X, Zhou X, Xu J, Dai J, Fan S, Zhang Z, Biomaterials, 35, 5041 (2014)
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Khan M, Naqvi AH, Ahmad M, Toxicol. Rep., 2, 765 (2015)
Kim J, Heo YJ, Shin S, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 62, 99 (2016)
Kim MJ, Shin S, Food Chem. Toxicol., 67, 80 (2014)
Liao KH, Lin YS, Macosko CW, Haynes CL, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 3, 2607 (2011)
Chowdhury SM, Kanakia S, Toussaint JD, Frame MD, Dewar AM, Shroyer RK, Moore W, Sitharaman B, Sci. Rep., 3, 2584 (2013)
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Nafiujjaman M, Nurunnabi M, Kang SH, Reeck GR, Khan HA, Lee YK, J. Mater. Chem., 3, 5815 (2015)
Nafiujjaman M, Revuri V, Nurunnabi M, Cho KJ, Lee YK, Chem. Commun., 51, 5687 (2015)
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Nurunnabi M, Khatun Z, Nafiujjaman M, Lee DG, Lee YK, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 5, 8246 (2013)
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Liu Y, Kim DY, Chem. Commun., 51, 4176 (2015)
Sk MA, Ananthanarayanan A, Huang L, Lim KH, Chen P, J. Mater. Chem., 2, 6954 (2014)
Pinaud F, Michalet X, Bentolila LA, Tsay JM, Doose S, Li JJ, Iyer G, Weiss S, Biomaterials, 27, 1679 (2006)
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Wang S, Cole IS, Li Q, RSC Adv., 6, 89867 (2016)

[Referenced By]

[1] Gurunathan S, Kim JH, Int. J. Nanomed., 11, 1927 (2016)

[2] Sun H, Wu L, Gao N, Ren J, Qu X, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 5, 1174 (2013)

[3] Schroeder KL, Goreham RV, Nann T, Pharm. Res., 33, 2337 (2016)

[4] Bacon M, Bradley SJ, Nann T, Part. Part. Syst. Charact., 31(4), 415 (2014)

[5] Zhuo S, Shao M, Lee ST, ACS Nano, 6, 1059 (2012)

[6] Nurunnabi M, Khatun Z, Reeck GR, Lee DY, Lee YK, Chem. Commun., 49, 5079 (2013)

[7] Liu RL, Wu DQ, Feng XL, Mullen K, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133(39), 15221 (2011)

[8] Dong Y, Shao J, Chen C, Li H, Wang R, Chi Y, Lin X, Chen G, Carbon, 50, 4738 (2012)

[9] Liu Q, Guo B, Rao Z, Zhang B, Gong JR, Nano Lett., 13, 2436 (2013)

[10] Yuan X, Liu Z, Guo Z, Ji Y, Jin M, Wang X, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 9, 1 (2014)

[11] Nurunnabi M, Khatun Z, Huh KM, Park SY, Lee DY, Cho KJ, Lee YK, ACS Nano, 7, 6858 (2013)

[12] Jiang D, Chen Y, Li N, Li W, Wang Z, Zhu J, Zhang H, Liu B, Xu S, PLoS One, 10, e01449 (2015)

[13] Chong Y, Ma Y, Shen H, Tu X, Zhou X, Xu J, Dai J, Fan S, Zhang Z, Biomaterials, 35, 5041 (2014)

[14] Rodriguez-Yanez Y, Munoz B, Albores A, Toxicol. Mech. Methods, 23, 178 (2013)

[15] Khan M, Naqvi AH, Ahmad M, Toxicol. Rep., 2, 765 (2015)

[16] Kim J, Heo YJ, Shin S, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 62, 99 (2016)

[17] Kim MJ, Shin S, Food Chem. Toxicol., 67, 80 (2014)

[18] Liao KH, Lin YS, Macosko CW, Haynes CL, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 3, 2607 (2011)

[19] Chowdhury SM, Kanakia S, Toussaint JD, Frame MD, Dewar AM, Shroyer RK, Moore W, Sitharaman B, Sci. Rep., 3, 2584 (2013)

[20] Cai B, Hu KB, Li CM, Jin J, Hu YX, Appl. Surf. Sci., 356, 844 (2015)

[21] Wu X, Tian F, Wang W, Chen J, Wu, Zhao JX, J. Mater. Chem., 1, 4676 (2013)

[22] Chandra S, Patra P, Pathan SH, Roy S, Mitra S, Layek A, Bhar R, Pramanik P, Goswami A, J. Mater. Chem., 1, 2375 (2013)

[23] Nafiujjaman M, Nurunnabi M, Kang SH, Reeck GR, Khan HA, Lee YK, J. Mater. Chem., 3, 5815 (2015)

[24] Nafiujjaman M, Revuri V, Nurunnabi M, Cho KJ, Lee YK, Chem. Commun., 51, 5687 (2015)

[25] Lin J, Wang S, Huang P, Wang Z, Chen S, Niu G, Li W, He J, Cui D, Lu G, ACS Nano, 7, 5320 (2013)

[26] Nurunnabi M, Khatun Z, Nafiujjaman M, Lee DG, Lee YK, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 5, 8246 (2013)

[27] Baskurt O, Boynard M, Cokelet G, Connes P, Cooke BM, Forconi S, Liao F, Hardeman M, Jung F, Meiselman H, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 42, 75 (2009)

[28] Shin S, Hou J, Suh J, Singh M, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 37, 319 (2007)

[29] Shin S, Yang Y, Suh JS, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 41, 197 (2009)

[30] Gu J, Zhang X, Pang A, Yang J, Nanotechnology, 27, 165704 (2016)

[31] Gu J, Hu M, Guo Q, Ding Z, Sun X, Yang J, RSC Adv., 4, 50141 (2014)

[32] Wang C, Lin H, Xu Z, Huang Y, Humphrey MG, Zhang C, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 6621 (2016)

[33] Schubert M, Muller-Goymann C, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 61, 77 (2005)

[34] Liu Y, Kim DY, Chem. Commun., 51, 4176 (2015)

[35] Sk MA, Ananthanarayanan A, Huang L, Lim KH, Chen P, J. Mater. Chem., 2, 6954 (2014)

[36] Pinaud F, Michalet X, Bentolila LA, Tsay JM, Doose S, Li JJ, Iyer G, Weiss S, Biomaterials, 27, 1679 (2006)

[37] Choi HS, Liu WH, Liu FB, Nasr K, Misra P, Bawendi MG, Frangioni JV, Nat. Nanotechnol., 5(1), 42 (2010)

[38] Wang S, Cole IS, Li Q, RSC Adv., 6, 89867 (2016)