We studied the use of heterogeneous catalysts with sulfonic groups in the hydrolysis of cellulose. The treatment based on dissolution/precipitation in ionic liquids yields a clear enhancement in the conversion of cellulose and glucose formation with heterogeneous catalysts. The activity results indicated that there is a relation between the acidity of the catalyst and its activity in the hydrolysis of cellulose. However, the nature of the surface groups on the catalysts seems to have a dramatic effect on the activity. The presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH) and Si-0 Si bonds at the surface of silica-based catalysts could favor the adsorption of cellulose chains and enhance the activity of the catalysts. This study showed that the hydrolysis of cellulose treated with dissolution/precipitation using an ionic liquid produces a glucose yield of approximately 50% at 140 C in just 5 h. These results are a promising starting point for further studies.