A liquid-liquid system inside a capillary in which an interfacial reaction leads to in situ production of a surfactant was studied experimentally. The resulting chemo-Marangoni convection induces periodic spreading-dewetting cycles in laboratory experiments. By selected experiments in microgravity, the individual phenomena of the system dynamics could be isolated. The spreading-dewetting cycles result from a complex interplay between the decrease in interfacial tension due to the production of surfactant, the chemo-Marangoni convection, and the gravity-driven deformation of the meniscus shape.