BACKGROUNDThe dual tolerance of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to low temperatures and salinity has not been extensively reported. This study identifies cold- and salt-tolerant hydrocarbon degraders obtained from petroleum-contaminated sub-Arctic soils, with the objective of stimulating target populations and assessing hydrocarbon biodegradation in soils abruptly impacted by salinity. RESULTSHalotolerant Dietzia and Arthrobacter bacteria were isolated from the soils. Dietzia maris strain NWWC4 can grow in the absence and presence of NaCl (12.5% w/v), adheres to hydrocarbons, and produces biosurfactant. The nutrient conditions preferred by strain NWWC4 were characterized to stimulate halotolerant hydrocarbon degraders related to strain NWWC4. In soil-slurry microcosms with the selected nutrient, Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism indicated the dominance of alkB-gene-harboring NWWC4 relatives. Radiolabeled C-14-hexadecane mineralization in high-salinity soil-slurry microcosms (290.33% (CO2)-C-14 production) was strikingly comparable with that in non-saline conditions (35 +/- 0.84% (CO2)-C-14 production). In nutrient-amended, Arctic-diesel-spiked soil microcosms subjected to dual stresses (10 degrees C and 5% NaCl, w/v), hydrocarbon removal in the diesel range (C10-C21) was 21 +/- 8% after 18days and was comparable with the removal achieved under non-saline conditions (37 +/- 6% removal). CONCLUSIONThis study reports the unique versatility of cold-adapted and salt-tolerant Dietzia maris capable of degrading hydrocarbons in highly saline and non-saline conditions. (c) 2017 Society of Chemical Industry