The systems chosen for the present investigation, p-n-alkylbenzoic acid (nBAC; n = 6, 7) exhibits nematic-isotropic transition. A comparative study based on quantum probabilistic and statistical thermodynamics has been carried out with respect to translational and orientational motions. The evaluation of net atomic charges and dipole moment at each atomic centre has been carried out through the complete neglect differential overlap (CNDO/2) method. The modified Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory along with multicentered-multipole expansion method has been employed to evaluate the long-range intermolecular interactions, while the '6-exp' potential function has been assumed for short-range interactions. The total interaction energy values obtained through these computations have been used as input to calculate the probability of occurrence of a particular configuration using the Maxwell-Boltzmann formula. Further, thermodynamic parameters such as Helmholtz free energy, and entropy at room temperature (300 K), and nematic-isotropic transition temperatures have been computed. An attempt has been made to understand the structure-phase behaviour relationship at molecular level.