Hybrid materials of upcycled Mn3O4 and reduced graphene oxide for a buffer layer in organic solar cells

Cheol-Ho Lee; Sungho Lee; Jun-Seok Yeo; Gil-Seong Kang; Yong-Jin Noh; Sae-Mi Park; Doh C. Lee; Seok-In Na; Han-Ik Joh

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.61, 106-111, May, 2018

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2017.12.006 Export Citation

Hybrid materials of upcycled Mn3O4 and reduced graphene oxide for a buffer layer in organic solar cells

Cheol-Ho Lee^{1, 2}, Sungho Lee^{1, 3}, Jun-Seok Yeo¹, Gil-Seong Kang^{1, 2}, Yong-Jin Noh⁴, Sae-Mi Park⁴, Doh C. Lee², Seok-In Na^{4, †}, and Han-Ik Joh^{5, †}

¹Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55324, Republic of Korea
²Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Program), KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
³Department of Nano Material Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
⁴Professional Graduate School of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center,, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
⁵Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea

E-mail:,

Mn3O4 on reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) was easily synthesized by upcycling process of wasting manganese ions which were generated during oxidation reaction from graphite to GO. The yellow-brown GO suspension under acid media before neutralization immediately became black precipitates when the suspension was titrated into the concentrated NaOH solution. The method could convert the wasting manganese ions up to ~91 wt% to Mn3O4 to optimize work function in a hole transport layer (HTL) for organic solar cells. The hybrid materials exhibited an ideal electronic structure suitable for HTL, leading to the excellent power conversion efficiency of ~3.23%.

Keywords:Mn3O4;Graphene oxide;Manganese ion;Recycle;Organic solar cell

[References]

Dreyer DR, Park S, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 228 (2010)
Marcano DC, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev A, Alemany LB, Lu W, Tour JM, ACS Nano, 4(8), 4806 (2010)
Eigler S, Enzelberger-Heim M, Grimm S, Hofmann P, Kroener W, Geworski A, Dotzer C, Rockert M, Xiao J, Papp C, Lytken O, Steinruck HP, Muller P, Hirsch A, Adv. Mater., 25(26), 3583 (2013)
Lee CH, Yun JM, Lee S, Jo SM, Yoo SJ, Cho EA, Khil MS, Joh HI, Mater. Res. Bull., 59, 145 (2014)
Park S, Ruoff RS, Nat. Nanotechnol., 4(4), 217 (2009)
Liu J, Yang H, Zhen SG, Poh CK, Chaurasia A, Luo J, Wu X, Yeow EKL, Sahoo NG, Lin J, Shen Z, RSC Adv., 3(29), 11745 (2013)
Zhu Y, Murali S, Stoller MD, Velamakanni A, Piner RD, Ruoff RS, Carbon, 48(7), 2118 (2010)
Calderon-Ayala G, Cortez-Valadez M, Mani-Gonzalez PG, Hurtado RB, Contreras-Rascon J, Carrillo-Torres RC, Zayas ME, Castillo SJ, Hernandez-Martinez AR, Flores-Acosta M, Carbon Lett., 21, 93 (2017)
Kim HM, Kim SG, Lee HS, Carbon Lett., 23, 55 (2017)
Greiner MT, Chai L, Helander MG, Tang WM, Lu ZH, Adv. Funct. Mater., 22(21), 4557 (2012)
Zang Z, Zeng X, Wang M, Hu W, Liu C, Tang X, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 252, 1179 (2017)
Wei J, Zang Z, Zhang Y, Wang M, Du J, Tang X, Opt. Lett., 42(5), 911 (2017)
Huang H, Zhang J, Jiang L, Zang Z, J. Alloy. Compd., 718, 112 (2017)
Lee HW, Oh JY, Lee TI, Jang WS, Yoo YB, Chae SS, Park JH, Myoung JM, Song KM, Baik HK, Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, 193903 (2013)
Beliatis MJ, Gandhi KK, Rozanski LJ, Rhodes R, McCafferty L, Alenezi MR, Alshammari AS, Mills CA, Jayawardena KDGI, Henley SJ, Silva SRP, Adv. Mater., 26(13), 2078 (2014)
Chen S, Yu X, Zhang M, Cao J, Li Y, Ding L, Shi G, J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, 18380 (2015)
Shrotriya V, Li G, Yao Y, Chu CW, Yang Y, Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, 073508 (2006)
Fernandez-Merino MJ, Guardia L, Paredes JI, Villar-Rodil S, Solis-Fernandez P, Martinez-Alonso A, Tascon JMD, J. Phys. Chem. C, 114, 6426 (2010)
Li N, Wang JY, Liu ZQ, Guo YP, Wang DY, Su YZ, Chen S, RSC Adv., 4, 17274 (2014)
Lee CH, Yun JM, Lee S, Jo SM, Eom K, Lee DC, Joh HI, Fuller TF, Sci. Rep., 7, 41190 (2017)
Petnikota S, Srikanth VVSS, Nithyadharseni P, Reddy MV, Adams S, Chowdar BVR, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 3, 3205 (2015)
Hains AW, Liu J, Martinson ABF, Irwin MD, Marks TJ, Adv. Funct. Mater., 20(4), 595 (2010)
Yun JM, Yeo JS, Kim J, Jeong HG, Kim DY, Noh YJ, Kim SS, Ku BC, Na SI, Adv. Mater., 23(42), 4923 (2011)
Noh YJ, Park SC, Hwang IT, Choi JH, Kim SS, Jung CH, Na SI, Carbon, 79, 321 (2014)
Kim SH, Lee CH, Yun JM, Noh YJ, Kim SS, Lee S, Jo SM, Joh HI, Na SI, Nanoscale, 6, 7183 (2014)

[1] Dreyer DR, Park S, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 228 (2010)

[2] Marcano DC, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev A, Alemany LB, Lu W, Tour JM, ACS Nano, 4(8), 4806 (2010)

[3] Eigler S, Enzelberger-Heim M, Grimm S, Hofmann P, Kroener W, Geworski A, Dotzer C, Rockert M, Xiao J, Papp C, Lytken O, Steinruck HP, Muller P, Hirsch A, Adv. Mater., 25(26), 3583 (2013)

[4] Lee CH, Yun JM, Lee S, Jo SM, Yoo SJ, Cho EA, Khil MS, Joh HI, Mater. Res. Bull., 59, 145 (2014)

[5] Park S, Ruoff RS, Nat. Nanotechnol., 4(4), 217 (2009)

[6] Liu J, Yang H, Zhen SG, Poh CK, Chaurasia A, Luo J, Wu X, Yeow EKL, Sahoo NG, Lin J, Shen Z, RSC Adv., 3(29), 11745 (2013)

[7] Zhu Y, Murali S, Stoller MD, Velamakanni A, Piner RD, Ruoff RS, Carbon, 48(7), 2118 (2010)

[8] Calderon-Ayala G, Cortez-Valadez M, Mani-Gonzalez PG, Hurtado RB, Contreras-Rascon J, Carrillo-Torres RC, Zayas ME, Castillo SJ, Hernandez-Martinez AR, Flores-Acosta M, Carbon Lett., 21, 93 (2017)

[9] Kim HM, Kim SG, Lee HS, Carbon Lett., 23, 55 (2017)

[10] Greiner MT, Chai L, Helander MG, Tang WM, Lu ZH, Adv. Funct. Mater., 22(21), 4557 (2012)

[11] Zang Z, Zeng X, Wang M, Hu W, Liu C, Tang X, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 252, 1179 (2017)

[12] Wei J, Zang Z, Zhang Y, Wang M, Du J, Tang X, Opt. Lett., 42(5), 911 (2017)

[13] Huang H, Zhang J, Jiang L, Zang Z, J. Alloy. Compd., 718, 112 (2017)

[14] Lee HW, Oh JY, Lee TI, Jang WS, Yoo YB, Chae SS, Park JH, Myoung JM, Song KM, Baik HK, Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, 193903 (2013)

[15] Beliatis MJ, Gandhi KK, Rozanski LJ, Rhodes R, McCafferty L, Alenezi MR, Alshammari AS, Mills CA, Jayawardena KDGI, Henley SJ, Silva SRP, Adv. Mater., 26(13), 2078 (2014)

[16] Chen S, Yu X, Zhang M, Cao J, Li Y, Ding L, Shi G, J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, 18380 (2015)

[17] Shrotriya V, Li G, Yao Y, Chu CW, Yang Y, Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, 073508 (2006)

[18] Fernandez-Merino MJ, Guardia L, Paredes JI, Villar-Rodil S, Solis-Fernandez P, Martinez-Alonso A, Tascon JMD, J. Phys. Chem. C, 114, 6426 (2010)

[19] Li N, Wang JY, Liu ZQ, Guo YP, Wang DY, Su YZ, Chen S, RSC Adv., 4, 17274 (2014)

[20] Lee CH, Yun JM, Lee S, Jo SM, Eom K, Lee DC, Joh HI, Fuller TF, Sci. Rep., 7, 41190 (2017)

[21] Petnikota S, Srikanth VVSS, Nithyadharseni P, Reddy MV, Adams S, Chowdar BVR, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 3, 3205 (2015)

[22] Hains AW, Liu J, Martinson ABF, Irwin MD, Marks TJ, Adv. Funct. Mater., 20(4), 595 (2010)

[23] Yun JM, Yeo JS, Kim J, Jeong HG, Kim DY, Noh YJ, Kim SS, Ku BC, Na SI, Adv. Mater., 23(42), 4923 (2011)

[24] Noh YJ, Park SC, Hwang IT, Choi JH, Kim SS, Jung CH, Na SI, Carbon, 79, 321 (2014)

[25] Kim SH, Lee CH, Yun JM, Noh YJ, Kim SS, Lee S, Jo SM, Joh HI, Na SI, Nanoscale, 6, 7183 (2014)