Industrialization and growth in the world's population have increased the demand for fresh water. Solar desalination systems are energy consuming and therefore using solar stills in the remote locations is more feasible and affordable. In the present study, a solar distillation system integrated with a solar parabolic trough concentrator and a vacuum-type heat exchanger with falling film technique has been developed and experimentally evaluated during five sunny days in October 2015 between 10 am to 2.30 pm. During the evaluation period, the environmental parameters of solar radiation, air temperature, and wind speed were recorded in every 15 min. Then, the effect of these environmental parameters on the daily productivity of the distillation system through the performance evaluation of both solar concentrator and heat exchanger. Then, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the heat exchanger, as the central part of the system, were calculated based on the recorded environmental and operational parameters during the experiments. The obtained results showed that the solar radiation has the dominant effect on the thermal performance of the concentrator which delivers hot oil to the heat exchanger. Moreover, it has been investigated that the vacuum pressure of the heat exchanger has a significant effect on the vapor productivity of the system. The maximum distillate production of the distillation device was recorded to be 1.5 kg/m(2)/day with the average solar radiation of 1227.68 W/m(2) under the heat exchanger vacuum pressure of 0.5 bar. According to the results obtained from the energy and exergy analysis, the highest energy and exergy efficiencies were obtained as 60.98% and 56.80% respectively.