Growing interest has recently been observed in hydrogen production and storage technologies. Proposed here is a catalyst-free method of hydrogen-enriched gas production by decomposition of kerosene vapour in a carbon dioxide microwave (915 MHz) plasma system operating at atmospheric pressure. The results are given for both experimental and theoretical investigations. The roles analysed included the energy supply to the microwave plasma, the kerosene flow rate and the carbon dioxide flow rate, on the concentrations of gaseous compounds resulting from the kerosene processing. Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, acetylene and ethylene all occurred as gaseous by-products. It was observed that 470 NL of hydrogen could be obtained from 1 L of kerosene at an absorbed microwave power of 6 kW. The results confirm the capability of an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma system in decomposing kerosene in the production of hydrogen-enriched gas.