Design of non-noble-metal artificial photosynthesis system that can split water with high apparent quantum yield (AQY) and robust stability remains a fundamental challenge. Here we report that a physical mixture of Fe2P nanopaticles (NPs) and CdS nanosheets (NSs) can gives AQY of photocatalytic hydrogen production as high as 90% at 420 nm monochromatic light with ethanol as electron donor at strong alkaline conditions. The highest rate for hydrogen production reached about 220 mmol g(-1) h(-1). In this hybrid photocatalyst system, free standing Fe2P NPs act as efficient and robust noble-metal-free co-catalysts and ultrathin CdS NSs are used as the photosensitizer. PL and TRPL results demonstrate that photoexcited electron can transfer from the conduction band of the excited CdS to Fe2P, which aided charge separation and enhanced the hydrogen evolution activity. Femto-second transient absorption result reveals that the time-averaged interfacial electron transfer (ET) rate constant () from CdS NSs to Fe2P is about 7.4 x 10(9) s(-1) under the guarantee of the scavenging of photoexcited hole immediately, which is one order faster than the electron relaxation rate in pure CdS NSs. (C) 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.