In flowing nitrogen, non-oxides such as Al4O4C, Al2OC, Zr2Al3C4, and MgAlON bonded Al2O3-based composites were successfully prepared by a gaseous phase mass transfer pathway using aluminum, zirconia, alumina, and magnesia as raw materials at 1873K, after an Al-AlN core-shell structure was formed at 853K. Resin bonded Al-Al2O3-MgO-ZrO2 composites after sintering were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and the influence of the MgO content on the sintered composites was studied. The results show that after sintering, the phase composition of the Al-Al2O3-ZrO2 composite is Al2O3, Al4O4C, Al2OC, and Zr2Al3C4, while the phase composition of the Al-Al2O3-ZrO2 composite with the addition of MgO 6wt% and MgO 12wt% is Al2O3, MgAlON, Al4O4C, Al2OC, and Zr2Al3C4 as well as Al2O3, MgAlON, Al2OC, and Zr2Al3C4, respectively. The addition of MgO changed the phase composition and distribution for the resin bonded Al-Al2O3-MgO-ZrO2 system composites after sintering. When the added MgO content is equal to or more than 12wt%, the Al4O4C in the resin bonded Al-Al2O3-MgO-ZrO2 system composites is unable to exist in a stable phase.