Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol.560, 171-184, 2018
Stereospecific sp(3) C-H oxidation with m-CPBA: A Co-III Schiff base complex as pre-catalyst vs. its (CoCdII)-Cd-III heterometallic derivative
The mono- and binuclear Schiff base complexes [CoL3].DMF (1) and [CoCdL3Cl2].0.5H(2)O (2) were facilely synthesized using zerovalent cobalt and cadmium chloride (for 2) as starting materials and the pre-formed pro-ligand HL (2-methoxy-6-[(methylimino)methyl]phenol, the product of condensation of o-vanillin and methylamine) in air. The compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and spectroscopic methods in solution and in the solid state. Both complexes demonstrate a profound catalytic activity in the stereoselective oxidation of cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (model substrate) with m-CPBA (m-chloroperbenzoic acid) under mild conditions in the presence of promoters of various acidity (HNO3, TFA and HOAc). The heterometallic binuclear (CoCdII)-Cd-III pre-catalyst (2) was more active than the mononuclear Co-III one (1), exhibiting higher products yields up to 51% and excellent stereospecificity (up to 99.2% retention of stereoconfiguration). This result could be associated with a synergistic effect of two different metals in 2. Based on the large obtained kinetic isotope effect and (H2O)-O-18 labeling studies, the overall reaction mechanism was proposed to proceed without the participation of free alkyl radicals. The acidity of the promoter was shown to influence catalytic parameters for both 1 and 2 so that the better parameters are achieved with the acid possessing lower pK(a) values (a stronger acid). The comparison of the catalytic behaviours of 1 and 2 is discussed in detail considering relevant examples from the literature.
Keywords:Homogeneous catalysis;Stereoselective C-H oxidation;m-Chloroperbenzoic acid;Metal complex catalysis;O-18 isotopic labeling