Homeobox-containing 1 (HMBOX1) has been described as a transcription factor involved in the occurrence of some tumors, but its roles in ovarian cancer have never been reported. Here we aimed to investigate the roles of HMBOX1 on high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). In this present study, HMBOX1 expression was decreased in HGSOC tissues and ovarian cancer cell lines (HO8910 and A2780) compared with ovarian surface epithelial tissues or normal human ovarian surface epithelial cell line (HOSEpiC). The cell proliferation of HOSEpiC was weaker than ovarian cancer cell lines. By altering the expression of HMBOX1 in A2780 and HOSEpiC, we demonstrated that HMBOX1 inhibited the cell proliferation and promoted the cell apoptosis. Furthermore, our study revealed that HMBOX1 down regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), raised the expression of proapoptotic-regulated proteins (Bad, Bax), apoptotic executionior (Caspase3), and P53. In conclusion, HMBOXI played important roles in occurrence of HGSOC through regulation of proliferation and apoptosis, which implied that HMBOX1 might serve as a new therapeutic target for HGSOC. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.