White-flesh guava is widely planted in tropical or subtropical areas of Southeast Asia. Despite of folk statements on specific function, few researches are focused on the description of its plant secondary metabolites. In the present work, contents of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as antioxidant activity from different parts (peel, flesh, and seed) were determined. The constituents of ethanol extracts were characterized by HPLC-QTOF-MS. A total of 69 phenolic compounds as well as nine polar compounds were detected, with flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, phenolic acid derivatives, and benzophenones of the four predominant phenolic compounds. Moreover, the presence of other phenolics (lignan, , , and dihydrochalcones) was revealed. Simultaneously, the polar compounds, such as triterpenoids, were identified. Benzophenones and triterpenoids were proved to be marked constitutes of peel and flesh, respectively. The existence of isoflavonoids, lignan, were firstly reported for edible parts or by-products of guava. The results showed that white-flesh guavas, particularly peel parts, were superior resources of antioxidant compounds, with exploitation value.